Umlando wobuchwepheshe bokwakha amapayipi mude kakhulu, futhi umqondo wawo oyinhloko ungalandelelwa emuva eNkathini Yesikhathi SaseNeolithic lapho abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinsimbi.
Isigaba Sokuqala: Ukwakha Ngesandla Kwasendulo
Kusukela ekupheleni kweNkathi yeNeolithic kuya cishe ngo-2000 BC, iShayina yayisivele isebenzisa amasu okwakha abandayo ukwenza amathuluzi. Ngokushaya izinsimbi zemvelo njengethusi elibomvu nensimbi ye-meteoric ngesandla ukudala amathuluzi nezikhali, lokhu kwakuyindlela yokuqala kakhulu yokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki.
Isigaba Sesibili: Ukwethulwa Kwamandla Okusebenza Kwemishini
Ngemva kwekhulu le-14, amandla ezilwane kanye namandla amanzi kwasetshenziswa ukusebenzisa izando zokuwisa.
Ngo-1842, kwasungulwa isando sokuqala somusi e-UK, okwaphawula ukungena kokubumba enkathini yemishini esebenza ngamandla.
Umthombo wamandla washintsha kusukela emandleni omuntu kuya emandleni emvelo kanye namandla omusi, okwakhulisa kakhulu amandla okwakha.
Isigaba Sesithathu: Ukwakhiwa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwamasu Okwakha Esimanje
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izigaba eziyisisekelo zemishini yokuthunga yanamuhla (njengezando zomusi kanye nokucindezela) zase zisungulwe.
Phakathi nekhulu le-19 nasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abazalwane bakwaMannesmann basungula indlela yokubhoboza egobile, eyayikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kanye nezinye izinto zokufaka amapayipi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imishini yokukhiqiza izimoto ezishisayo yathuthuka ngokushesha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zemboni yezimoto.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izinqubo eziphumelelayo nezinembile ezifana nokwakha okubandayo kanye nokwakha ngokunemba zamukelwa kabanzi.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela landa; kwavela izinqubo ezikhethekile (njengokubhoboza okugoqekayo kokufakwa kwamapayipi); kwaqala ukuphishekela izindlela zokucubungula eziqondile, ezisebenzayo, nezincane.
Isigaba Sesine: Ukunemba Kwamanje Nokuzenzakalela
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kuze kube manje, izitayela zentuthuko zamanje.
Ukusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha kanye nobokuzenzakalela; ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezintsha ezifana nokukhiqiza ngokunemba kanye nokukhiqiza oku-isothermal; ukuphishekela ukukhiqiza okuguquguqukayo ukuze kuvumelane nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziningi kanye nezinhlobo ezincane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-09-2026
